用过Spring 开发者对JavaMailSender应该不陌生，它是Spring 提供邮件发送的接口。在Spring Boot中对这块应用也进行了自动化的封装。下面我们就来实际操作一下如何在Spring Boot项目中使用JavaMailSender进行邮件的发送操作。

创建项目

首先我们需要创建一个Maven项目并且引入Spring Boot的基本依赖，然后再引入邮件发送相关的场景启动器，代码如下。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

第二步，在引入了自动配置场景启动类之后，剩余的配置与之前的其他配置一样，需要在application.yml 或者是application.properties中进行配置。下面我们演示利用QQ邮箱邮件发送效果。

spring:
  #邮箱基本配置
  mail:
    #配置smtp服务主机地址
    host: smtp.qq.com
    #发送者邮箱
    username: xxxxxxx@qq.com
    #配置密码,注意不是真正的密码，而是刚刚申请到的授权码
    password: xxxxxxxxxxx
    #端口号465或587
    port: 587
    #默认的邮件编码为UTF-8
    default-encoding: UTF-8
    #其他参数
    properties:
     mail:
        #配置SSL 加密工厂
      smtp:
        ssl:
          #本地测试，先放开ssl
          enable: false
          required: false
        #开启debug模式，这样邮件发送过程的日志会在控制台打印出来，方便排查错误
      debug: true

指定邮箱类型如下图所示

创建邮件发送实体类

这里我们创建一个一般邮件格式都有的实体类，包括收件人、邮件主题、邮件内容、以及附件路径等内容。

@Data
public class MailRequest implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 接收人
     */
    private String sendTo;

    /**
     *  邮件主题
     */
    private String subject;

    /**
     *  邮件内容
     */
    private String text;

    /**
     *  附件路径
     */
    private String filePath;
}

定义一个邮件服务

完成邮件实体配置之后，我们需要定义一个邮件服务。

public interface SendMailService {

    /**
     * 简单文本邮件
     *
     * @param mailRequest
     * @return
     */
    void sendSimpleMail(MailRequest mailRequest);


    /**
     * Html格式邮件,可带附件
     *
     * @param mailRequest
     * @return
     */
    void sendHtmlMail(MailRequest mailRequest);
}

邮件服务实现

@Service
public class SendMailServiceImpl implements SendMailService {

    //注入邮件工具类
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;

    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String sendMailer;

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendMailServiceImpl.class);

    public void checkMail(MailRequest mailRequest) {
        Assert.notNull(mailRequest,"邮件请求不能为空");
        Assert.notNull(mailRequest.getSendTo(), "邮件收件人不能为空");
        Assert.notNull(mailRequest.getSubject(), "邮件主题不能为空");
        Assert.notNull(mailRequest.getText(), "邮件收件人不能为空");
    }

    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(MailRequest mailRequest) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        checkMail(mailRequest);
        //邮件发件人
        message.setFrom(sendMailer);
        //邮件收件人 1或多个
        message.setTo(mailRequest.getSendTo().split(","));
        //邮件主题
        message.setSubject(mailRequest.getSubject());
        //邮件内容
        message.setText(mailRequest.getText());
        //邮件发送时间
        message.setSentDate(new Date());

        javaMailSender.send(message);
        logger.info("发送邮件成功:{}->{}",sendMailer,mailRequest.getSendTo());
    }



    @Override
    public void sendHtmlMail(MailRequest mailRequest) {
        MimeMessage message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
        checkMail(mailRequest);
        try {
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message,true);
            //邮件发件人
            helper.setFrom(sendMailer);
            //邮件收件人 1或多个
            helper.setTo(mailRequest.getSendTo().split(","));
            //邮件主题
            helper.setSubject(mailRequest.getSubject());
            //邮件内容
            helper.setText(mailRequest.getText(),true);
            //邮件发送时间
            helper.setSentDate(new Date());

            String filePath = mailRequest.getFilePath();
            if (StringUtils.hasText(filePath)) {
                FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
                String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
                helper.addAttachment(fileName,file);
            }
            javaMailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("发送邮件成功:{}->{}",sendMailer,mailRequest.getSendTo());
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            logger.error("发送邮件时发生异常！",e);
        }
    }
}

定义Controller对邮件发送服务进行调用

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/sendmail")
public class SendMailController {
    @Autowired
    private SendMailService sendMailService;

    @PostMapping("/simple")
    public void SendSimpleMessage(@RequestBody MailRequest mailRequest) {
        sendMailService.sendSimpleMail(mailRequest);
    }

    @PostMapping("/html")
    public void SendHtmlMessage(@RequestBody MailRequest mailRequest) { 
      sendMailService.sendHtmlMail(mailRequest);
    }
}

总结

完成配置之后，调用Controller接口就可以实现对指定的邮箱发送消息了。

package com.team.base.controller;
import com.team.base.service.MailService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
 * @com.team.base.controller
 * @fenghaiju
 * @2018/3/19-16:51
 * @springBootBase
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mail")
public class MailController {
 @Autowired
 private MailService mailService;
 /**
 * 简单发送
 * @return
 */
 @RequestMapping("/sendSimpleMail")
 public ResponseEntity<?> sendSimpleMail(){
 mailService.sendSimpleMail("fenghaiju@sohu.com", "简单邮件", "简单的邮件测试");
 return ResponseEntity.ok(true);
 }
 /**
 * 发送html内容
 * @return
 */
 @RequestMapping("/sendHtmlMail")
 public ResponseEntity<?> sendHtmlMail(){
 mailService.sendHtmlMail("fenghaiju@sohu.com", "html邮件", "<html><body><h3>你好， 这是一封模板邮件!</h3></body></html>");
 return ResponseEntity.ok(true);
 }
 /**
 * 发送附件
 * @return
 */
 @RequestMapping("/sendAttachmentsMail")
 public ResponseEntity<?> sendAttachmentsMail(){
 mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("fenghaiju@sohu.com", "附件邮件", "测试邮件内容","D:\\article\\结尾.txt");
 return ResponseEntity.ok(true);
 }
 /**
 * 发送图片
 * @return
 */
 @RequestMapping("/sendInlineResourceMail")
 public ResponseEntity<?> sendInlineResourceMail(){
 mailService.sendInlineResourceMail("fenghaiju@sohu.com", "发送图片", "<img src=\"cid:rscId01\" >","D:\\article\\架构师.png","rscId01");
 return ResponseEntity.ok(true);
 }
}

企业邮箱中创建个性化的电子邮件模板，可以在创作邮件时节省时间，快速的完成邮件；并且根据设置好的格式，也不会丢下关键的信息内容，那么这些具体是怎样实现的呢？下面介绍具体实现的内容。