JavaScript 设置和控制下拉菜单

拉菜单的属性

length 表示选项<option>的个数

selected 布尔值,表示选项<option>是否被选中

SelectedIndex 被选中的选项序号,如果没有被选中则为-1,对于多选下拉菜单而言,返回被选中的第一个选项序号。从0开始计数

text 选项的文本(它是option专有的属性)

value 选项的value值

type 下拉菜单的类型。单选返回select-one,多选返回select-multiple

options 获取选项的数组，列如oSelectBox.options[2]表示下拉菜单oSelectBox中的第3项

访问选中项

下拉菜单(单选):

<html>
<head>
<title>下拉菜单，单选</title>
<style>
<!--
form{
padding:0px; margin:0px;
font:14px Arial;
}
-->
</style>
<script language="javascript">
function checkSingle(){
    var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
    var oSelectBox = oForm.constellation;
    var iChoice = oSelectBox.selectedIndex; //获取选中项
    alert("您选中了" + oSelectBox.options[iChoice].text); //下拉菜单，单选
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="myForm1">
<label for="constellation">星座：</label>
<p>
<select id="constellation" name="constellation">
<option value="Aries" selected="selected">白羊</option>
<option value="Taurus">金牛</option>
<option value="Gemini">双子</option>
<option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option>
<option value="Leo">狮子</option>
<option value="Virgo">处女</option>
<option value="Libra">天秤</option>
<option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option>
<option value="Sagittarius">射手</option>
<option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option>
<option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option>
<option value="Pisces">双鱼</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="button" onclick="checkSingle()" value="查看选项" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

下拉菜单(多选):

<html>
<head>
<title>下拉菜单，多选</title>
<style>
<!--
form{
padding:0px; margin:0px;
font:14px Arial;
}
p{
margin:0px; padding:2px;
}
-->
</style>
<script language="javascript">
function checkMultiple(){
var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
var oSelectBox = oForm.constellation;
var aChoices = new Array();
//遍历整个下拉菜单
for(var i=0;i<oSelectBox.options.length;i++)
if(oSelectBox.options[i].selected) //如果被选中
aChoices.push(oSelectBox.options[i].text); //压入到数组中,可以用于单选的情况;
alert("您选了：" + aChoices.join()); //输出结果
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="myForm1">
<label for="constellation">星座：</label>
<p>
<select id="constellation" name="constellation" multiple="multiple" style="height:180px;">
<option value="Aries">白羊</option>
<option value="Taurus">金牛</option>
<option value="Gemini">双子</option>
<option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option>
<option value="Leo">狮子</option>
<option value="Virgo">处女</option>
<option value="Libra">天秤</option>
<option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option>
<option value="Sagittarius">射手</option>
<option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option>
<option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option>
<option value="Pisces">双鱼</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="button" onclick="checkMultiple()" value="查看选项" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

通用的访问下拉菜单选中项的方法:

<script language="javascript">
function getSelectValue(Box){ //Box参数select标签的ID值
    var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
    var oSelectBox = oForm.elements[Box]; //根据参数相应的选择下拉菜单
    if(oSelectBox.type == "select-one"){ //判断是单选还是多选
    var iChoice = oSelectBox.selectedIndex; //获取选中项
    alert("单选，您选中了" + oSelectBox.options[iChoice].text);
    }else{
    var aChoices = new Array();
    //遍历整个下拉菜单
    for(var i=0;i<oSelectBox.options.length;i++)
    if(oSelectBox.options[i].selected) //如果被选中
    aChoices.push(oSelectBox.options[i].text); //压入到数组中
    alert("多选，您选了：" + aChoices.join()); //输出结果
    }
}
</script>

函数使用方法:

<select id="constellation1" name="constellation1">
<option value="Aries" selected="selected">白羊</option>
<option value="Taurus">金牛</option>
<option value="Gemini">双子</option>
<option value="Cancer">巨蟹</option>
<option value="Leo">狮子</option>
<option value="Virgo">处女</option>
<option value="Libra">天秤</option>
<option value="Scorpio">天蝎</option>
<option value="Sagittarius">射手</option>
<option value="Capricorn">摩羯</option>
<option value="Aquarius">水瓶</option>
<option value="Pisces">双鱼</option>
</select>
<input type="button" onclick="getSelectValue('constellation1')" value="查看选项" />

添加、替换、删除选项

通过构造函数Option()直接添加value、text等信息，相当方便

var oOption = new Option(text,value,defaultSelected,selected)

defaultSelected为布尔型值:1(true)设置下拉式表单默认值,

selected为布尔值:1(true)表示被选中

最后两项默认值为0,如果不希望添加的选项被默认选中则可以忽略,添加选项时通常将<select>列表的第length项直接设置为新的选项,即在末尾增加。

添加选项：

<html>
<head>
<title>添加选项</title>
<style>
<!--
form{padding:0px; margin:0px; font:14px Arial;}
p{margin:0px; padding:3px;}
input{margin:0px; border:1px solid #000000;}
-->
</style>
<script language="javascript">
function AddOption(Box){ //添加选项，参数为<select>标签的ID值
    var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
    var oBox = oForm.elements[Box];
    var oOption = new Option("乒乓球","Pingpang");
    oBox.options[oBox.options.length] = oOption; //在菜单末尾添加选项
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="myForm1">
球类：
<p>
<select id="ball" name="ball" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Football">足球</option>
<option value="Basketball">篮球</option>
<option value="Volleyball">排球</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="button" value="添加乒乓球" onclick="AddOption('ball');" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

替换选项

如果下拉菜单中的序号为已经存在了的选项,添加时则会自动替换原有的选项

oBox.options[iNum]=oOption;//替换iNum个选项

<html>
<head>
<title>替换选项</title>
<style>
<!--
form{padding:0px; margin:0px; font:14px Arial;}
p{margin:0px; padding:3px;}
input{margin:0px; border:1px solid #000000;}
-->
</style>
<script language="javascript">
function ReplaceOption(Box,iNum){ //替换选项,参数Box为<select>的ID值,iNum为替换的选项序号;
var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
var oBox = oForm.elements[Box];
var oOption = new Option("乒乓球","Pingpang");
oBox.options[iNum] = oOption; //替换第iNum个选项
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="myForm1">
球类：
<p>
<select id="ball" name="ball" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Football">足球</option>
<option value="Basketball">篮球</option>
<option value="Volleyball">排球</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="button" value="篮球替换为乒乓球" onclick="ReplaceOption('ball',1);" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

添加选项到具体位置

<html>
<head>
<title>添加到具体位置</title>
<style>
<!--
form{padding:0px; margin:0px; font:14px Arial;}
p{margin:0px; padding:3px;}
input{margin:0px; border:1px solid #000000;}
-->
</style>
<script language="javascript">
function AddOption(Box,iNum){
var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
var oBox = oForm.elements[Box];
var oOption = new Option("乒乓球","Pingpang");
oBox.insertBefore(oOption,oBox.options[iNum]);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="myForm1">
球类：
<p>
<select id="ball" name="ball" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Football">足球</option>
<option value="Basketball">篮球</option>
<option value="Volleyball">排球</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="button" value="添加乒乓球" onclick="AddOption('ball',1);" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

以上代码IE7中虽然在正确的位置插入了选项,但内容却没有显示出来(bug问题)

兼容性更好的代码,使用方法与以上相同;

<script language="javascript">
function AddOption(Box,iNum){
    var oForm = document.forms["myForm1"];
    var oBox = oForm.elements[Box];
    var oOption = new Option("乒乓球","Pingpang");
    //兼容IE7，先添加选项到最后，再移动
    oBox.options[oBox.options.length] = oOption;
    oBox.insertBefore(oOption,oBox.options[iNum]);
}
</script>

注意：IE9已经解决了bug问题

删除下拉菜单的选项:

删除下拉菜单中的某个选项时相对最简单的,只需要将这个选项设置为null即可

bBox.options[iNum]=null;

不多说，直奔主题

<!--html代码-->
<div>
			<ul>
				<li><a href="#home" class="active">主页</a></li>
				<li><a href="#news">新闻</a></li>
				<li>
					<div class="dropdown">
            <a href="#" class="dropbtn">下拉菜单</a>
              <div class="dropdown-content">
                <a href="#">链接 1</a> 
                <a href="#">链接 2</a> 
                <a href="#">链接 3</a>
              </div>
					</div>
				</li>
				<li><a href="#about">关于</a></li>
			</ul>
			<h3>导航栏上的下拉菜单</h3>
			<p>鼠标移动到 "下拉菜单" 链接先显示下拉菜单。</p>
		</div>

/*css代码*/
ul {
			     list-style-type: none;
			     margin: 0;
			     padding: 0;
			     background-color: #999;
			     overflow: hidden;
			     /*        注意: overflow:hidden 添加到 ul 元素,以防止 li 元素列表的外出(当li{float:left}时)。         来源链接：https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=trycss_navbar_horizontal_float&basepath=0        */
			 }
			
			 li {
			     float: left;
			 }
			
			 li a {
			     color: white;
			     padding: 14px 16px;
			     display: inline-block;
			     text-decoration: none;
			 }
			
			 li>a.active {
			     background-color: green;
			 }
			
			 li>a:hover:not(a.active),
			 .dropbtn:hover {
			     background-color: #555;
			 }
			
			 .dropdown-content {
			     display: none;
			     position: absolute;
			     /* 默认相对于<html>进行绝对定位 */
			     background-color: #f9f9f9;
			     min-width: 100px;
			     box-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
			 }
			
			 .dropdown-content a {
			     color: black;
			     display: block;
			     /* 因为<a>标签不是块元素，min-width:100px不会生效 */
			 }
			
			 .dropdown-content a:hover {
			     background-color: #f1f1f1;
			     color: deepskyblue;
			 }
			
			 .dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
			     display: block;
           opacity: 0.9;/*下拉菜单半透明效果*/
			 }
			
			 /* 中间的空格表示，鼠标悬念在.dropdown上时，dropdown的子元素.dropdown-content变为块元素 */
			 /* ### 待完善 ###   
			    因为.dropdown只用过一次，觉得可以删除<div class="dropdown"></div>来减少代码量，尝试  将.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {display: block;} 修改为.dropbtn:hover+.dropdown-content {display: block;} 并删除<div class="dropdown"></div>后，鼠标悬停在“下拉菜单”上，会显示下拉菜单， 但无法选中菜单中的“链接 x”， ### 为什么？该如何完善？ ###    
			 */

最终效果图：

TML

<!-- Content Wrapper. Contains page content -->
<section class = "content-header">
    <div class = "container-fluid">
        <div class = "row mb-2">
            <div class = "col-sm-6">
                <h1>Inbuilding Analyse-Basic Setup</h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</section>
<!-- Main content -->
<section class = "content">
    <div class = "container-fluid">
        <div class = "row">
            <div class = "col-md-12">
                <div class = "card">
                    <div class = "card-header p-2">
                        <ul class = "nav nav-tabs">
                            <li class = "nav-item"><a class = "nav-link active" href = "javascript：void(0)"
                                                      data-toggle = "tab"
                                                      link = "child_page/inb_basic_task.html">Task Maintaince</a></li>//默认加载的页面a class里要加active
                            <li class = "nav-item"><a class = "nav-link" href = "javascript：void(0)" data-toggle = "tab"
                                                      link = "链接1">Coverage</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class = "nav-item"><a class = "nav-link" href = "javascript：void(0)" data-toggle = "tab"
                                                      link = "链接2">Sort Maintaince</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class = "nav-item"><a class = "nav-link" href = "javascript：void(0)" data-toggle = "tab"
                                                      link = "链接3">H/C Identify</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class = "nav-item"><a class = "nav-link" href = "javascript：void(0)" data-toggle = "tab"
                                                      link = "链接4">Report List</a>
                            </li>

                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- /.card-header -->
                    <div class = "card-body">
                        <div class = "tab-content">
                            <div class = "active tab-pane" id = "pane">//这里放TAB加载的页面
                            </div>
                            <!-- /.tab-pane -->
                        </div>
                        <!-- /.tab-content -->
                    </div><!-- /.card-body -->
                </div>
                <!-- /.nav-tabs-custom -->
            </div>
            <!-- /.col -->
        </div>
        <!-- /.row -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</section>

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JavaScript 设置和控制下拉菜单

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