开发过程中,有些功能是一直可以重复使用的,这样的页面我们可以做成公共的,供每个页面适用,那么就需要我们在使用的时候做一下嵌套。
例如:这样一个页面中:
上半部分是公共的:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fund" uri="/WEB-INF/tag/fund.tld"%>
<div class='box-content box-double-padding'>
<form class='form form-horizontal' id="selectForm" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/admin/trade/payByCard" method="post" style='margin-bottom: 0;'>
<input id="urlParam" name="urlParam" type='hidden' value="${param.pageTitle}" />
<div class='row-fluid'>
<div class="span6 box">
<label class='control-label'>客户类型</label>
<div class='controls'>
<span class="control-text">
<select class='input-block-level' id='custType' name="custType" validate="required:true">
<fund:dictOptions dictId="301001" value="${ map['custType'] }"/>
</select>
<i class="form-tips text-error">*</i>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span6 box">
<label class='control-label'>资金卡号</label>
<fund:appParam keyName="pay_mode" keyValue="2">
<div class='controls'>
<input class="form-control" id="accNo" name="accNo" autocomplete="off" value="${map['accNo']}" type='text' validate="required:true"/>
<i class="form-tips text-error">*</i>
</div>
</fund:appParam>
<div class='controls'>
<button class='btn btn-default' id="selectBtn" mode='submit' type='submit'>刷卡</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='row-fluid'>
<div class="span6 box">
<label class='control-label'>基金交易账户</label>
<div class='controls'>
<input class="form-control" id="financeAcc" name="financeAcc" autocomplete="off" value="${map['financeAcc']}" type='text' disabled/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span6 box">
<label class='control-label'>风险等级</label>
<div class='controls'>
<%-- <select class='input-block-level' id='riskLevel' ajaxValue="${riskLevel}" name="riskLevel"> --%>
<%-- <fund:dictOptions dictId="301005" value="${map['riskLevel']}"/> --%>
<!-- </select> -->
<input class="form-control" id="riskLevel" name="riskLevel" autocomplete="off" value="${map['riskLevel']}" type='text' disabled/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
</script>
在另一个 页面嵌套的时候只需要把页面加进去就可以了:
<jsp:include page="../../includes/tradeCommon.jsp" flush="true" ></jsp:include>
这样,就实现了一个jsp页面嵌套公共的jsp页面。
SP指令是指:用于设置JSP页面相关属性的一个语法命令,例如:设置页面编码字符集、导入其他包等等。JSP中提供了三个指令,分别是:page指令、include指令、taglib指令。其中page指令用于设置JSP页面属性,include指令用于引入其他的JSP文件,taglib指令用于引入标签库。这一小节内容介绍include指令的使用。
include指令作用:将指定的文件引入到当前JSP页面里面。include指令会将引入的文件内容嵌入到当前JSP页面中的对应位置。
<%@ include file="文件的相对路径" %>
案例代码:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>这是HTML头部</title>
</head>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%-- 引入头部文件 --%>
<%@ include file="header.jsp" %>
<body>
<div style="background-color: cadetblue">
这是正文内容区域
</div>
<%-- 引入底部文件 --%>
<%@ include file="footer.html" %>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<div style="background-color: antiquewhite;">
这是footer底部内容区域
</div>
启动Tomcat容器,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/servlet/include.jsp,结果如下:
include指令的本质是什么呢???我们来查看下编译之后的Java源代码,找到上面include.jsp文件编译之后的源文件,如下所示:
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.98
* Generated at: 2024-02-25 05:06:41 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package com.gitcode.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
public final class include_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory= javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
static {
_jspx_dependants=new java.util.HashMap<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long>(2);
_jspx_dependants.put("/footer.jsp", Long.valueOf(1708837593266L));
_jspx_dependants.put("/header.jsp", Long.valueOf(1708837593271L));
}
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages=new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_classes=null;
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory==null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory==null) {
_el_expressionfactory=_jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager==null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager==null) {
_jsp_instancemanager=org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method=request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
return;
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session=null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out=null;
final java.lang.Object page=this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out=null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context=null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext=_jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context=pageContext;
application=pageContext.getServletContext();
config=pageContext.getServletConfig();
session=pageContext.getSession();
out=pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out=out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write("<head>\r\n");
out.write(" <title>这是HTML头部</title>\r\n");
out.write("</head>");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<body>\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<div style=\"background-color: cadetblue\">\r\n");
out.write(" 这是正文内容区域\r\n");
out.write("</div>\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<div style=\"background-color: antiquewhite;\">\r\n");
out.write(" 这是footer底部内容区域\r\n");
out.write("</div>");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("</body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out=_jspx_out;
if (out !=null && out.getBufferSize() !=0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context !=null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
通过上面源代码,可以看到,使用include指令引入的两个文件,最终都会将两个文件中的内容直接嵌入到当前include.jsp文件里面,如下所示:
所以include指令的本质就是将引入文件中的内容,直接拼接到当前JSP页面的对应位置。这里也就会存在一个问题,引入的JSP文件中,不能存在和当前JSP页面相同的变量名称,因为变量名称相同会导致编译失败。另外,使用include指令引入其他的JSP文件时候,只会生成访问的那个JSP文件的源代码,被引入的JSP文件不会生成对应的源代码。
以上,就是include指令的使用及其本质。
今天就到这里,未完待续~~
面几个小节,已经把JSP程序的创建以及运行原理都介绍完了,这一小节开始介绍具体的JSP语法。JSP本质上是Servlet,Servlet是采用Java语言编写的,所以JSP语法也是要满足Java语法。
JSP是经过JSP引擎渲染成Servlet程序,那么渲染过程中,就需要知道渲染的规则,这些规则也就是我们需要学习的JSP基础语法,这一小节学习JSP表达式的语法。
JSP表达式,是指:在JSP文件中使用JSP的表达式语法,将对应的代码输出或者拼接到对应的位置。语法规则如下:
<%=这里写表达式内容,不能使用分号结尾 %>
注意:<%=xxx%>表达式,最终会使用out.print()方法输出表达式对应的内容。
案例代码如下所示:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP基础语法之JSP表达式</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>JSP基础语法之JSP表达式</h3>
<%!
public String getData() {
return "Hello World!";
}
%>
<p>
使用<%="JSP" %>表达式语法,输出内容:<%=getData() %>
</p>
</body>
</html>
运行结果如下所示:
注意:JSP表达式语法中,不能使用分号【;】结尾,因为分号在Java中表示语句结束符号。
JSP表达式的本质,就是将JSP文件中使用JSP表达式语法定义的代码,使用out.print()方法,嵌入到_jspService()方法里面。查看上面JSP文件编译之后的源代码如下所示:
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.98
* Generated at: 2024-02-24 11:57:45 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
public final class demo_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
public String getData() {
return "Hello World!";
}
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory= javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages=new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_classes=null;
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory==null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory==null) {
_el_expressionfactory=_jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager==null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager==null) {
_jsp_instancemanager=org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method=request.getMethod();
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
return;
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session=null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out=null;
final java.lang.Object page=this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out=null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context=null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext=_jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context=pageContext;
application=pageContext.getServletContext();
config=pageContext.getServletConfig();
session=pageContext.getSession();
out=pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out=out;
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write("<head>\r\n");
out.write(" <title>JSP基础语法之JSP表达式</title>\r\n");
out.write("</head>\r\n");
out.write("<body>\r\n");
out.write(" <h3>JSP基础语法之JSP表达式</h3>\r\n");
out.write(" ");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" <p>\r\n");
out.write(" 使用");
out.print( "JSP" );
out.write("表达式语法,输出当前时间:");
out.print( getData() );
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" </p>\r\n");
out.write("</body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>\r\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out=_jspx_out;
if (out !=null && out.getBufferSize() !=0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context !=null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
通过上面源代码可以看出,我们使用<%=xxx%>语法定义的代码,最终会被编译成使用out.print()方法输出的Java代码,如下图所示:
到此,JSP表达式语法就就介绍完啦。
今天就到这里,未完待续~~
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